Thai-Korea International Relationship.

Thai-Korea International Marriage.

Thai-Korea country’s history.

Soft Power: Tourism, Movie, Music, Food.

Korea nationalism.

Whose character that likely to settle down in Thailand.

The main purpose for Thai to immigrant or work in Korea.

The main purpose for Korea to immigrant or work in Thailand.

What’s the factor that work out or not work out in immigrant from people of both countries.

How long the timespan for each people behavior likely to spend on each life event (Work vs Retire).

Why food is important?

Cross cultural and multicultural between Thailand and Korea.

One different in Korea film perspective of villain character is that they always have a reason that must do the evil action. They try to portray the possibly mutual emotion and participate from the audience and even the wrong thing has done, still get some level of understanding and somewhat leave the questions to audience what’s the real justice definition. The modern tv drama and show programs has highly psychology designed to protect suicidal thoughts as its the number one most case of the world. Also, the film has rooted propaganda to illustrate the suppose of positive and supported relation within family instead of repeating the act of any kind of domestic violence, and not to let it normalize for better of the society understanding. This is to help reduce the case of social issues in the country. This shows the crucial roles of media in public impact. (อิทธิพลสำคัญที่สื่อ”ละคร”มีต่อสังคม) While in Thailand, ขึ้นต้นเรื่องด้วย มันก็แค่ละคร / ละครทำมาจากเรื่องจริง / ละครน้ำเน่า / ผู้จัดละครไม่ต้องรับผิดชอบต่อสังคม lead to the questions, ใครคือผู้อยู่เบื้องหลังละคร. Because in Korea, the background of any kind of film is rooted the responsible to society and backed up and supported by Korea Government and policymaker.

นักการเมืองหญิงเกาหลีใต้ใช้มือปัดตกปลายกระบอกปืนที่พลทหารรุกการปฏิวัติของประชาชนที่ลุกฮือและตั้งม็อบขับไล่ประธานาธิบดี #กฏอัยการศึก VS คดีในไทย ต่างชาติอังกฤษโดน SA และฆ่า / เด็กหญิงบนรถไฟโดน SA และฆ่า / คดีแตงโมโดน SA และฆ่า
Q: ไทยต้องทำยังไงถึงจะมีความปลอดภัยแก่ผู้หญิงและปลูกฝังค่านิยมกล้าทำ กล้ารับผิดชอบเหมือนผู้หญิงในเกาหลีใต้ ?
Q: ภาครัฐมีนโยบายอย่างไร และเพราะเหตุใดในเกาหลีใต้ปลอดภัยสำหรับผู้หญิงในหลายมิติและหลายระดับมากกว่าในไทย
Q: ภาคประชาชนในเกาหลี เพราะอะไรถึง Healthy Feminism แม้จะผ่านการเป็น comfort woman ภายใต้การปกครองของญี่ปุ่นมาก่อน / แนวทางการอบรมและปลูกฝังค่านิยมตัวอย่างรูปปั้นเด็กผู้หญิงหน้ามหาวิทยาัยสตรีอีวา
Q: ประเทศไทยจะเปลี่ยนภาพลักษณ์จาก Sex Tourism ให้เป็น Hallyu ได้อย่างไร ?
Q: ความแตกต่างระหว่างการยอมคุณค่าวัฒนธรรมจากสังคมในเรื่อง OnlyFan, การสัก, การคบชู้ และวัฒนธรรมการเป็นเมียน้อย เพราะอะไรการนอกใจถึงเป็นเรื่องปกติที่ไทย ในขณะที่ในเกาหลีถึงเป็นเรื่องผิดกฏหมาย
Q: เพราะอะไรคนถึงมองพัทยาเป็นแหล่งค้ากาม และไม่มองโซลหรือปูซานในทางเดียวกัน / การโปรโมทเมืองท่องเที่ยว ธรรมชาติ อาหาร บ้านเกิดไอดอล สถานที่ถ่ายทำภาพยนตร์คุณภาพ
Q: เหตุผลที่คนแต่งงานน้อยลงเพราะไม่มั่นใจในคู่ครองของตนเอง กลัวพลาดและอยากมีอิสระที่จะเปลี่ยนใจไปหาคนใหม่โดยไร้ความผิด ?
Q: ประชากรเพศหญิงในสังคมเกาหลี ผ่านการกดขี่ทุกรูปแบบ เบื้องหลังการพัฒนาความเจริญปัญญามาในยุคปัจจุบันได้อย่างไร ?
Q: ประชากรชายเกาหลีที่มีความรับผิดชอบสูง ยกตัวอย่างคิมซอนโฮ สุภาพบุรุษมรายอมถูกกล่าวหาจากอดีตแฟนสาวว่าเป็นคนบังคับให้ทำแท้งจนทำให้หน้าที่การงานของนักแสดงชายต้องเดือดร้อน แต่สื่อหลักได้ออกมาเปิดเผยความจริงทำให้ประชาชนไดรับรู้ข้อเท็จจริง อะไรที่ทำให้กรณีนี้เป็นไปได้
Q: คดีซึงรี ปัจจัยใดที่ทำให้คดีเป็นไปได้ / คดีพระเอกควีนออฟเทียร์ ปัจจัยใดที่ทำให้คดีเป็นไปได้
Q: การร่วมมือกันย่างรวดเร็วของสส.เพื่อโหวตให้ประธานบดีเกาหลีออกจากตำแหน่งหลังจากที่ประกาศกฏอัยการศึกในปี 2024
Q: อปป้าในละครไม่มีอยู่จริง ใช่หรือไม่ ? ตัวจริงหยาบคายและรุนแรงหรือ ? ถ้าอย่างนั้นวัตถุประสงค์ในการทำซีรีย์ที่ให้บทบาทชายให้ไม่ตรงกับความเป็นจริงคืออะไร ?
Q: เหตุการณ์การเสียชีวิตในอีแทวอน รัฐรับผิดชอบอย่างไร
Q: วัตถุประสงค์ไม่ใช่เพื่อเปลี่ยนแปลงคนทั้งโลก แต่เพื่อเปลี่ยนแปลงโลกของผู้เขียนหรือผู้ที่ศึกษานั้นเอง

Why education in Korea is important? Cycle of study, study apply reflect research. Korea success formula.

Survival game series VS cultural and social issues.

Comparative Thai VS Korea 12-years education system.

How Korea offset policy to defense themself?

Is K-pop decline or failure regarding to China anti-K-pop politic propaganda?

How Korea take care wellness of their elderly?

What is the policy for Korea elderly? What is Korea nation healthy policy?

What the strategy for chaebol (Samsung) to go oversea? and What is the government policy supported Korea brand in abroad?

What made Thai people success globally famous from K-pop industry and why K-pop industry like to recruit Thai trainees out of Asean country?

Korea – Indonesia relationship, what is the factor that made the collaboration tighter and growth intra-economic?

School policy in Korea regarding to industrialization?

Cram school or hagwon: why it’s important in Korea?

How Korea supported Korean language course or Korean studies to foreigner and why? (Multicultural)

How Korea government make sure foreigner can speak Korean willingly and know correctly on Korean culture and history?

How language course / program in university effected to economic growth in Korea and why?

How Korea democracy in strong and why?

How woman community is strong and why?

How entertainment media or K-dama play a major role to discipline the nation behavior and why?

How government support K-drama on production quality and why? (What is the conceptualize to make k-drama successful? Content? Production? Actor?)

How Korea nation museum growth, supported from government and why?

How Korea drama production of Film content abroad or related nation VS American film portrayed villain among asian and why?

How K-pop demon hunter successful and why?

The elderly home class and policy in Korea vs U.S. The business opportunities (for the rich). – The APT/condo with nurse house or the rich village for the elderly in Korea.

How Korea overcome poverty phase and why?

business opportunity in Thailand for halal food that successful in Korea vs hunger issues in rural area and underclass society (poverty)

Think Tank Kina – Korean Studies Chula 2025

China’s Real Economic Crisis is oversupply and effect the market price become lower while the quality of product is worse and lead to the tariff policy which effected to shipping products to third parties such as: Cambodia, Brazil, Vietnam and Thailand to avoid tax. The G-7 warned China’s action as #harmfulovercapacity. – Zongyuan Zoe Liu, Published August 6, 2024.

How Will Change Come to Beijing? China engages in even more confrontational acts that risk sparking conflicts not just with Taiwan but also with Japan and Southeast Asia counties. During Qing Dynasty since 1644 once quoted “Fugua Qiangbing, Rich Country and Strong Army” and “Zongti Xiyong, Chinese for essence, Western for usage”. China would not be isolated, but it would struggle to build trust and encourage other governments to accept the norms it wants to define the world: untrammeled state power and the subordination of civil rights and freedoms to economic and development goals. Such any kind of war would create a lose-lose scenario for everyone. Chinese officials may reject comparisons with Russian actions in Ukraine or the U.S. invasion of Iraq, but decision-makers in Southeast Asia will find it difficult to trust Beijing. China will find it much easier than liberal Western states to speak to the needs of people in large countries susceptible to mountain environmental disasters, such as Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan whose large populations have rising consumer demands. It can frame its green offerings not just as a matter of practical necessity but also of justice, supplying what the Western countries principally responsible for this crisis cannot. – Rana Mitter, Published April 22, 2025.

Beijing Fights to Be Treated as America’s Equal on the World Stage. Beijing has accused the U.S. of hypocrisy and double standards – while responding in kind to Washington’s moves. The great powers rig the international order in their favor, but their focus is as much on maintaining privileged position as rule-makers in world politics as it is on securing material benefits. The UN security council, the UN general assembly, the World trade organization, the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, and the G-20 are institutions that have been both open to Chinese leadership and procedurally fair regard to Chinese participation. But Beijing has been frustrated by the slow pace of reform, and in response it has created and supported new institutions, such as the Asian infrastructure investment bank and the new development bank within the UN framework convention on climate changes, the responsibility in tackling global warming aim to contributed to solve the problem. The United States and its allies have repeatedly used human right aspect of the international order to single out Beijing for its human rights record as China limited leadership prospects in these institutions within an order dominated by liberal democracies. Beijing views this situation as a denial of China’s rightful status and given the U.S.’s own global human right record as China wants to have greater say and become top leadership positions at international financial institutions such IMF and World Bank. – Rohan Mukherjee, Published May 19, 2023.

Despite the “peak China” controversy itself decline of real estate and infrastructure policy. Xi’s anticorruption policy is affected himself with no allies supported his back on the board of administration but still strong regime with his new policy focusing investment on green energy, batteries and electric vehicle. His previous work on BRICS (Brazil, Russian, India, China and South Africa) for new development on geopolitical and economy awaken U.S. to aware they might not use USD currency in their trade. And One Road One Belt of Xi policy also effectively potential for economic growth on whole region level but also reduce the important or necessity of U.S. Perhaps, this might be claim from U.S. that China tried to lead the world with illiberal belief, as Xi wants to reform global governance to better protect Chinese interests and to promote illiberal values such as expanded state control, constrained markets, and limits on individual freedoms. Not to mention on China’s civilian spy agency, the Ministry of state security. The office publicly comments on numerous hot-button issues, including U.S.-Chinese relations and alleged foreign spy operations. – Evan S. Medeiros – published April 24, 2024.

Trump’s administration interpreted the trade war same as poker game: zero-sum game, while one loses all and the other win all. But the fact of trading is not zero-sum game, instead it’s a positive sum: the better you do, the better I do. In trade, you get it back immediately, in the form of the goods and services you buy. When U.S. raise high tariff tax of China, it doesn’t solve diplomacy issues in U.S. economy but likely cause new problems such shortage of pharmaceutical stocks, cheap electronic chips and critical minerals. U.S. productive capacity would decline rather than improve, which would only increase the leverage that China and others have over the U.S. – Adam S. Posen, published April 9, 2025.

When we look to China from outside, we might see China is the World’s second biggest economy – but also in reality, China is weak on household spending, while Chinese people rather save up their money than spending diplomatically. Before 2014, the nation’s economy was driven from private sector investment for almost 60% of all investment, but after Xi become the top leadership in 2014, he changed the center on investment to under government controlled and that effected the private reduce to 50% nowadays. Even though China’s GDP fell from 76% in 2021 to 67% in 2023, still it was 20% bigger than it had been in 2019 while U.S. was only 8% bigger. The misconceptions that U.S. toward China might lead to the U.S. overestimate their own ability to sustain he is deepening of economic and security ties with Asian partners. – Nicholas R. Lardy, published April 2, 2024.

The trade truce. For China, is the trade lead the peace, or it started the war. The original mechanism of trade is to exchange to goods instead of war to win the resource. But somehow the trade as of today might lead as indirect war like trade war now between U.S. vs China. Despite the understanding that war will happened eventually even its with or without trade or not. – Stephen G. Brroks, published June 18, 2024.

China style of government was no politic no problems. Meaning if you are individual would like to run some business in China, as long as you not involve with politic of the country, you will survive eventually. But this considered indirect censorship meanwhile U.S. stopped students from China that wants to come to study in U.S. or research and development because to concern nation’s security on intellectual property theft from U.S. companies such cybercrime, reverse engineering, and old-fashioned industrial espionage by China. Even though Chinese students and business flowed to Canada, Mexico, Singapore, U.K. and Vietnam, they are improving their own economic strength and weakening the CCP’s hold at home. Meanwhile in China the rate of unemployed is rising especially those who got higher education.

Conclusion: It’s not impossible to predict future of China, even though all the previous prediction are wrong. #mercantilist vs #protectionism #uncleashing American energy, the side effect from what Trump do is, make people jobless and make more expensive of green power. Escalation dominance by bring higher tariff but China still can find new market. Instead of zero-sum game, the great power should consider on mutual benefit. Peak China reform IMF and WTO corporation challenged HRC. While U.S. also have but why in the name of the world must feel thread from China’s action? Why make it obvious double standard? Status co-power VS Revisionary power. International order can change without the war between exist great power vs rising power. (China VS U.S.)

Reference to Prof. Chaiwat – August 2025.

What is offset policy and why its banned in WTO ?

Even though this term “offset policy” was banned from WTO. But it’s crucial important for a nation to defense itself from any war and also supported the economic growth of its own country. Meanwhile Defense Economics in SEA countries with compare numbers of Budget proportion of Defense R&D budget from year 2013 – 2033 as following:

Vietnam 43 to 103, Thailand 39 to 74, Singapore 312 to 517, Philippines 1 to 7, Myanmar 6 to 4, Malaysia 0 to 16, Indonesia 60 to 91, Brunei 11 to 9 [USD millions per year].

Average R&D budget for offset policy or military defense of nation has budget around 3% of their nation budget, while in Thailand show just 0.5% of nation’s budget to invest on this research.

Let’s check the percentage budget from developed country: South Korea 12%, China 18% and U.S. 22%. They able to increase the budget in meanwhile downsized their personnel (HR) to less. (Even though U.S. Public Health Service is terrible).

The number shows The World’s Biggest Arms Exporters: U.S. 41.7%, France 10.9%, Russia 10.5%, China 5.8%, Germany 5.6%, Italy 4.3%, U.K. 3.7% and Spain 2.7%.

The interest of arms (army / weapon) exporter is to co-produce their stuff / join research and development, example U.S. & South Korea. But why they willing to give their supposed secret data, the reason is if components know more knowledge the commercial can happened. The cycle of commercial exists from 30 years ago such, U.S. > South Korea > Thailand. Example Advances Jet / Aircraft from KAI.

Then how would it effect to economic growth of nation? South Korea, Daewool Engineering > Hanwa Ocean Cost > 16,000-million-baht battleship from South Korea to Thailand and name after our beloved King 9 (เรือหลวงภูมิพล)

While the comparison shows each nations has its own strength and weakness diversity of each category such, Land, Sea, Air, C4SR, Missiles. It has shown that Thailand in level of moderate-weak to weak on defensing the nation, when compared to South Korea when its level at moderate-strong toward strong.

The cycle of defense industrialization. Defense R&D: Military-Industrial-Bureaucratic Technology Group. University, Public or Private Laboratories. > Defense Industries: Factories, Raw Material Production, OEMs, or Foreigner and Domestic Suppliers. > Defense Users: Department of Army, Navy or Air Forces, foreigner and domestic.

Defense policy and strategy: Prototype > Test, Evaluates and Standard > Requirement, Feedback. [ICA / IA] [Drone Detector] [Weapon + Technology … & complexity] [DTI: Defense Technology Institute]

Malaysia: STRIDE (Science Technology Research Institute for Defense)

South Korea: ADD (Agency of Defense Development) DAPA (Defense Acquisition Programs Administrator) Cycle = SNU > Hyundai, DSMG, KAI, Samsung, LIG > Aircraft, Tank, > SNU

India: DRDO (Defense R&D Organization) *India co-joint with Russia and have one BrahMos missile project. India ship-to-ship missiles / sonic which very fast and hard to track and already acquired by Philippines and request offset policy from both Russia and India country.

Singapore: MINDEF > EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility, OPCW – Chemical Detection, HSI – Hyperspectral Imaging, MMIC – Microwave Intergrated. DSTA, DSO, NANYANG U., NUS > ST Engineering, Kinetics, Electronics, Marine, Aerospace > Tank, Aircraft, Battleship > 4 Institutes. (conceptualized, proof concept).

ASEAN defense country as middle power while have small public spending. The following question is Should we join the force? or at least co-invest or corroborative? or remain peace follow UN policy same as Switzerland country?

Thailand now just started finish draft offset law and have longest act in the world for 85 articles. Which required above 1 billion baht to triggered offset program. Madam Tank has market overseas as well. 300 to Malaysia, 200 to Indonesia and 200 to Pakistan.

Offset: Direct offset vs Indirect offset. Arms-exporting country use of offsets in some form meant to compensate (offset). Compared to EU/Western region countries, this knowledge on offset policy is very old for 50 years while in Thailand just started. Thailand Innovative on Drone and Bomb. WTO allow for national safety objective. #internationalrelationandmanagement Example, offset policy from Sweden to Thailand is IKIA (Griffin Aircraft). Japan = Electronic Factories in Eastern provinces. U.K. = English Teaching Program, British Council (36% of Aircraft).

WTO allow only developing country to have offset law. ROK still have offset law even tough developed country because remain only the defense program. Treasury quota on value cost should be high enough to trigger offset. Example Grippin 20,000 MB Vandover promise quota set by Thai law 30% (compensation package = 6 billion baht to invest in other section). The threshold = Quota.

Accessible to classified information and high technology. South Korea exported 8 submarines to Indonesia and got three-times salary than Thailand.

The possibility for offset policy between Thailand and Korea:

UAV $300,000 – $700,000 with 6 – 12 hours delivery with 20 – 50 kilograms. Can reach the amount to 10.529 billion as South Korea have to consider wartime with North Korea as nuclear base and UAV from Thailand is very cheap compare with its quality and function flexibility. (Round about 10 billion baht already exceed offset indirect policy for 3 billion integrations economic supported between Thailand and South Korea). The possibly indirect policy such as: Smart City Project, Tourism Projects in Thailand, OTOP Projects and Foreigner Factories aim for FDI in Thailand. Low-skilled labor from Thailand to work in South Korea on agricultural industry and construction site.

Reference to LCDR.DR. Bodin September 27, 2025 Chula KSIM

Korean Studies International Management  

Korean Family, East Seaboard, EEC, key bridge between Thailand and South Korea.  – International Marriage 

– Golf Tour  

– Pattaya Travel  

– Rayong Industry  

– Hua Hin Retire Home 

The current issue is the law enforcement in Thailand so must have more corporate with K-Team.  Topic studies available: low futurity 

The Research: to conducting research, reading material, presentation, to discuss, multicultural on November first week on site to meet in person. And will come to visit again before early of February 2026.  

GSIS / Language School  

How should we live in the future? Professor Eun Ki Su Sociologist.  

Issue Topic Thesis: Korean Media: Thailand, Korea  

Standard life course in industrial society. Very well life course but in current society life span is longer from 65 to 75 to 85 or even to 120. From changing demographic application then the behavior has change.  

Example: In China for woman age 24 – 28 if not married yet they consider not Chinese. Because it’s the best age to bare baby and to form a family.  

Pre-Career previous research. On your e-library. Book chapter, Journal, Interest topic [JSTOR]  

Interesting Topic  

• How media reform society behavior on family abuse  

Interesting to beyond with 3 – 4 reading material.  

Factors concerned:  

• law  

• social  

• helping  

Lead to low Fertility?  

Studies from former student on how to construct my own family tree.  

Matter of changing surname.  

• New surname in hope of better relationship  

• education achievement was increased  

• included cousin relation  

• wives, official wife  

• divorced increase  

• migration [info ref.]  

• social change  

• occupation  

• number of children  

Purposely to understand social changes as society modernized [education wise, family wise] and compare in social timeline from marriage status, the trend of divorced and remarried. By this we learning from our own facts to understand and enhance the social changes.  

Solution: หลักสำคัญคือกำรดำรงไว้ซึ่งวัฒนธรรม ขนบ ประเพณี ก่อนที่จะมีกำรเปลี่ยนแปลงจำก อิทธิพลมหาอำนาจ  

The demographic is become more complicated because of modern society.  

Family is very much complicated. By tracing off until great-great grandparent with hoping of better understanding. 

Reference to Prof. Eun K.S. August 11, 2025 Chula KSIM – SNU GSIS

5-colors concept in Korea Industrial  

• Center of Direction  

• Winter easy to die so they have to be strong they use color code eat black to survive • The export of Korea is rice, powder, cotton  

• Power of Nature  

• Power of Land, Heaven use colorful  

Korea believe is combine from traditional and science part, they merge to future which mean from local knowledge and can proof with science. There is likely part between Thailand and Korea.  Now Korea has start up program for in Thailand. Using the key point of “Manage how to solute these days problem”. Currently, faculty has contact with KTO organization from times to times.  

Why Korea invest money in Entertainment a lot, because K-pop can merge with varies of Business.  For Korea, they can’t compete game industry with China or AI(ChatGPT) industry with U.S. [U.S.  with India war trade as wants to have more barrier] The big economy leaders are U.S., Japan, China and Russia. So, Korea uses creative economy: soft power such, food and history. By merge 10 profession knowledge and make creative economy.  

The thesis has three types of theory: 

• Exploratory Research – They have to ask data from focus group  

• Descriptive Research – They already have enough date or information  

• Explanatory Research – They have to connect how to relate its connection from factor to factor  

Mythology to group exam and using IRB to explore.  

Example topic from speech guest: How to use A.I., Law case from BTS HYBE on Nov 1^st

Reserved Topic: LOTTE [Nov 15]  

KOREA ON MEDIATIZATION Korea use media to solute most problems in this society. By media management and also invest a lot on just focus most data media platform such as Netflix.  And being successful. This leads to earn a lot of income from media platform even though not highly success on another platform such YouTube. Media is the key important to manage the business to success.  

The issues in Korea such low birth ratio, compare children vs cats and dogs. New generation in Korea does not want to have children because of expenses of education, expenses of entertainment and as well as marriage or even concert.

plan from west side to east side, by learning their strategy, and use survey to collect data.  

Student can learn from nine-firm strategy that using inside K-Drama. Example, CJ bought dreamwork from U.S.  

Mix-cultural, tourism, Korean passport, high technology use, not easy to fake.  Korea use media to guideline the society and make nation strong. [GSIS] 

Reference to Assist. Prof. Kamol on August 9, 2025. Chula KSIM

Learning Media: PDF Version 66. East Asia: Evolving International & Regional Order To learn East Asia must start to understand first The Regional / International Order.   Quote: “To know nothing of what happened before you were born, is forever to remain a child” —– Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) —- 

 “There is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know” [U.S. President 33^rd]   “The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you can see” [Winston Churchill] “History is the best teacher” [Xi Jin Ping]  

 “Know the past to understand present, and prepare for future” [Professor Chaiwat]  

1. Who shaped world order and how? 

Every nation focuses on their own interest, because it rules by people. No state cannot be sure other nation. That’s why the nation has to be on their own power.  

Thucydides B.C. 431 – 404, first scholar who wrote international region textbook. – History of the Pelopennisian Law  

– In ancient, Greek system divided to 6 states. Athens vs Sparta. Sparta is the strongest of all states. Athens wants to win Sparta and forced Milos to be ally otherwise will be invaded to Milos. [Summer BC 416]  

“The strong do what they can, the weak suffer what they must” 

Example: USA & Israeli to Iran  

Russia to Ukraine  

*The Persian Gulf war: Iraq = Saddam Hussein wants to overrule Kuwait as Kuwait used to be part of Iraq before but colonized by Britain, in purpose that wants to unite for Persian Gulf.  UNSC: any country that invaded other will be punished.  

— Compared to — 

*USA wants to over toll Saddam with excuse that Saddam is produced nuclear weapons but later after USA sent international investigator but still not find. Anyway U.S. Insisted to send troop to over toll Saddam without making the righteous to veto to UNSC because U.S. Is one of the permanent members, which have China, Russia, France, which not agree for U.S. to Saddam Hussein, but U.S. still go right away and ignore UNSC and no one can punish U.S. for invade Iraq. 

*February 24, 2022. Even Ukraine is founder member of U.S. Putin has quoted, September 11, 2015. That have to follow the rules in UNSC.  

*China claimed Paracel island as south China. With history of 9 dots seas which against Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Vietnam.  

– The battle between China and Vietnam still leave the bitterness between two nations till nowadays. 

– Philippines also complaints that China places the weapon trap to the Philippines’s fisherman line and file the case to UNCLOS in 2013, but China does not go to the court and insisted to follow the concept of Ming Dynasty that controlled the area.  

PRE-WORLD WAR 1&2  

The stronger power nation tried to establish the international rule to reflect their own interest.  “Sino – Centric Tributary System: Soft Power [without forced]”  

“Western Imperialism [Century of Shame]: Hard Power [use military power]” “Japanese Imperial Order: Greater East Asian Prosperity Sphere” [use hard power for prosperity]  

Sino – Centric Tributary System  

[East Asia before the west: David C. Kang] Studied of five centuries of trade and tribute.  

Sukoku ขงจื้อ on confusion believe that China is the Middle Kingdom and have right to established others.  

[circle shape]: Emperor 

Inner Subjects  

Outer Subjects  

Tributary States  

Northern / Eastern / Western / Southern Barbarian  

All area accepted China Dynasty cultural except Japan. All nation gets reflect from China Mainland on the circle relation step. The more tribute sent, the important move to secondary treatment from China.  

The Tribute Mission.  

• Ming & Qing keep track on tribute to check respect from others that have toward China. In sixteenth-century Cho-son Korea [1637 – 1881] sent 435 tributes to Qing Court value almost 1.5 embassy per year. [1600 – 1868] [Japan Tokugawa – Shogunate and previously] 

• Siam – Loh Gok Ong – Symbol of Emerald made stamp, represented China Dynasty.  • When China rules the seas for the treasure by Zeng, He [KOR แม่ทัพขันที ขำปำกง]  • In present day, China has founded one-belt-one-road project, which shown that China is the most history consciousness country.  

• The Book “Zheng He’s art of collaboration” by Hum Sin Hoon [Singaporean] • Deng Xiao Ping and the transformer of China. Presented 7 voyages in 1984 thru commercial and trade as the rising of China base on peaceful justifying.  

• Geoff Wade – Western Scholar argued that the Zheng He voyages a reassessment. A maritime photo colonialism. [debate ongoing]  

• Tan Ta Sim – Was Zheng he a Colonialist? [Singaporean] on issue of China send troops to Vietnam and get rid of miss emperor then colonized Vietnam for over 20 years.  • Thai vs Khmer, King Chairwoman and Ayutthaya era.  

• 1750 – 1900 Manufacturing output  

• The Book “Imperial Twilight” by Stephen R. Platt. 

Britain vs China  

• The First Opium War [1834 – 1842]  

• The Second Opium War [1856 – 1860]  

• Was threaten and bitter in the past.  

• Britain + Indian + China = Opium War  

MOTIVATION OF CHINA TO EAST ASIA REGION Western Imperialism 3G Hard Power Pax  Britain [German – Russia – Britain to China]  

• Gold: Raw Materials / Nature Source  

• God: Spread religious believe  

• Glory: The more China have empire, the more China have power  

*Adam Smith = Free Trade  

Globalization of Japan  

• Japan has closed country for 200 years from 1633 – 1853  

• Social class in Japan shows unequal 

◦ Samurai – Shokun – Donyo  

◦ Peasants  

◦ Artisans  

◦ Merchants  

• The classes can’t change even you have the best education [compared to China when the class can change if you have enough education and pass the test]  

• Portugal is the first nation to enter Japan with purpose of Catholic Christian religious missionary  

• The believe of Christianity is before God everyone is equally  

• The believe has against social class system in Japan, causes the disagree on class and Western support Samurai class to fight for equally  

• Japan emperor is ruling just a symbol of the country meanwhile the real power is on Samurai and upper class  

• Japan was in peaceful way before Western approached  

U.S.A. in same timeline has developed country and liberty started from east part to west part when they win freedom from Britain on their own country, then toward Japan.  

• Globalization of Japan [1853]  

• Commander Matthew C. Perry  

• Kuro Fune [Black Ship – Gunboat Diplomacy] has pressured Japan to open the country after Japan closed to 200 years  

• Japan considers outside country people as Barbarian  

• Samurai do not want to open the country yet but upper class shows opinion that Japan at the time doesn’t have power and on reality we can’t win the invader and change the idea because understand the concept then learn how to become strong. Meiji Leader quoted “The strong ate the meat of the weak”  

• Secret to success of Japan at the time is Technology and developed country into modern world. [Techno-nationalism] 

• Developed Technology autonomy as National Security 

• Fukoku Kyohei which means rich nation strong army has always the status of Japan due to closed country period [open only for trade purpose and strictly not allow religious purpose] near Nagasaki City which call … area with China and Spain?  

• During that time Samurai class imported many books topic on science, physics, and become the highest literacy in the world in that time [from Samurai to Scholar] and focus on develop technology 

• From Western knowledge and adapt to their Army with high ambitious

• In the same timeline Japan Meiji – Thailand also got similar experience from Western Invader but King Chula reform country just enough for not to been colonized, not same like Japan to out-perform in that level of ambitious 

• The LED revolution, Japan’s latest Nobel Prize Winners and economic-growth • Japan intimated Western Hard Power after they been forced to open their country • Prince Fumimaro Konoe’s era, the Samurai class expelled western power and created it’s  

own area of prosperity and got the Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombed from U.S. first time in human history to suffer from nuclear weapon 

• U.S. [stretch eagle] Philippines, Panama. U.S. suffer the least but have the most powerful army, weapons and economically to rule the world order with claimed as serve common interest  

Economic Dimension  

◦ IMF 

◦ GATT (WTO, 1995 – present) [purpose of free trade] [U.S. wants to invest freely all region of the world]  

◦ World Bank [that’s the feedback from U.S. to Thailand different when Thai have no debt no more]  

◦ Marshall Plan  

Political and Security Dimension  

◦ NATO  

◦ SEATO [currently abolished]  

◦ Network of military ally – U.S. military base: South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Thailand in Cold War U.S. use Thailand and Philippines to bomb nation in Indo-China region Thailand wants to maintain the good relationship in Indo-China region and not want to be weapon no more and there is no longer U.S. military base in Thailand.  

China challenge America dominants. Russia collective members to counterbalance of U.S. In studies there is founded that rising and declining has circle in every power.  

The PPP Theory. (Purchasing Power Party) China overtake U.S. in 2013 by PPP (U.S. nominal & PPP) meaning with the same amount of money China can buy more. 

(Curve Line)  

1. New Order 2. The Rise 3. The Top 4. The Decline 

Example:  

• Soviet send sputnik to overtake U.S. but later on has collapsed.  

• Japan going to replaced U.S. but fall from the 5^th largest world economy as of now.  • Even E.U. Try to revive competitive now.  

Quiz: Will China and India will compete to become Superpower in World Order?  

Wrong predictable from Scholar in Japan case study: In 1979 Japan has peaceful and efficient government and rise prosperity. Post-Economic bubble in 1970.  

• Earthquake 8.9  

• The aging society problem in Japan [people over 60 years old, live longer and feel burden to new generation because if they’re not proactive]  

• New birth rate is low  

• 40% of population are elderly people  

Quiz: Why people not interesting to have children in present, expensive?  

Scenario: China’s hegemony. A Chinese Monroe Doctrine? Same as U.S. protect Latin-American? [SPHERE OF INTEREST]  

Quiz: Between A return to the Chinese tributary system 

VS The resiliency of the U.S. [U.S. Pivot/rebalance to Asia]  

In the past three decades, U.S. got involved in all fight.  

Thucydides Trap: Power Transition Theory. Root causes of U.S. – China trade war.  • U.S. wants to make more profit [supply chain] so they move their factory to China and use Chinese labor to produce because the quality and the price is reasonable under U.S.  investment. [American Tariff]  

• China tendency to spend more than U.S.  

• In conclusion both causes to Trade Relation?  

September 24, 2005, Graham Allison quoted “In 12 of 16 past cases in which rising power has confronted a ruling power. The result has been blood-shred”. Current issue TAIWAN CASE.  

REFERNECE STUDY BOOKS  

• Principles for dealing with the changing world order  

• The rise and fall of the great power: economic change  

• Japan as number one: lessons for America • When China rules the world: The rise of the middle kingdom 

Reference to Prof. Chaiwat August 8, 2025. Chula KSIM

POST-COLD WAR Conservative Reappraisals of Syngman Rhee: Neoliberalism and the New Right  

WHY REAPPRAISALS HAPPENED? Answer is because of the politics wants to make relevant of historical and make bias by revisionism from villain to hero.  

Example another leader-figure in Asia such: In 1978, Ray Huang from Taiwan ally with Chinese soldier nationalist from Mainland.  

Politicians use Syngman Rhee’s case on nationalistic oriented and as news tactic. Syngman Rhee well known as Nation Founding: How we scholar to interpret what happened behind this message. 

The simplest way to look at the country is the money bank note. U.S. use Goerge Washington printed on 1USD, China use Mao Zhe Tong printed on 100 Yuan, Canada used John A. McDonald printed on the money note. What’s its meaning? Country use the important leaser-figure in everyday life to make nation pride of history. For South Korea, has used Yi Hwang Scholar, Yi, King Sejong and Sin Saadong, because the country’s mentality looks at the whole peninsula, the whole people at the same nation from history. To be say, they are in Korea Dynasty or to be specifically in Joseon Dynasty era. Why not the use the contemporary leader-figure instead? Because most of them are modern but controversial and likely politic way to present. South Korea believe that the whole peninsula even though divided but still “Ethnic Nationalism” and those people as mentioned earlier on the money note are symbol of unify role of Korea.  

On bias ideology of Syngman Rhee on the fact that he has achieved of anti-communism system. In 1960, April Revolution under dictatorship supported from U.S. Even though we can learn from Syngman Rhee achievement from following: “Nation Founding”, “Seeds of Capitalism” and “Alignment with U.S.”  

The video from National Museum Contemporary History has commemorate the first general election in 1948. While North Korea wants South Korea to revere responsible for separation of the nation. “Democracy” starts in 1948 even though the beginning of the period has imperfection but the mentality behind it is curable. The revolution of liberation is under serious violence. But Korea was  under Japan colonial from 1910 – 1945 and just liberated on August 15, 1945. The parallel 38 has  split by Soviet Union and U.S. on *August 9, 1945. Violence democracy defined from beginning of Korea Revolution.  

Korea peninsulas begin to form their country from independence, Committee Preparation Korea Government. But U.S. decided not to recognize the draft government and label as communist and want to restore “Japan police” and give speech that what Korea want the most right now is patience. 

Trusteeship Crisis – In 1945, Korea peninsula continue regime with two governments. One from North Korea and another one from South Korea leaded by Syngman Rhee. U.N. established for change colonial role ti independence and that’s the define of Trusteeship. At the Moscow conference has agreement on Trusteeship above Korea peninsula between Soviet Union and U.S.  But Korea has negative respond and resist on this trusteeship because inside the country, there is  false media saying that Soviet union policy against the U.S. when in fact U.S. and Soviet union has  agreed beforehand since Moscow conference but Korea media set the train of political conflicts by  using false media that U.S. didn’t agree on this but want the liberate to happen immediately. So, U.S. act impulsive and not go on with the plan. U.S. use this chance to collaborate and supported right 

wing when actually Soviet Union got support from U.S. as its proposal on trusteeship but appease automatically the met new comer. Using nationalism, transcending but because trusteeship so leader figure in Korea has changed category and refine right-wing to South Korea and left-wing to North Korea.  

The leader-figure in option are three main people:  

1. Kim Il Sung [1912 – 1994], who used to join the war in Manchuria and Russia so he bring the Russian troop to be country support and Soviet Union supported him as a recognize of the regime power. 

2. Cho Ma Sik [1983 – 1950], even though he’s left-wing but has expressed strongly against the Soviet Union policy.  

3. Park Meon Yeong, founder of Communist Party  

4. L.Y., Committee Founder Preparation of Korean Government, but later got assassinated in 1947. 

5. Kim Seong Su, Korea Chaebol founder during Japan-Colonial period, Donga Ilbo founder, Newspaper firm founder in 1920 and Korea University founder. He has recognized the top spot after liberation and become founder of Korean Democratic Party.  

6. Kim Ku, he was the provisional person and was good friend with Chong Qing and also working with Chinese nationalist. But strongly opposing the trusteeship. In 1948, he tried to make negotiation with North Korea aiming to unify the peninsula with peace but got assassinated.  

7. Sygnman Rhee, was also the leader of independence’s group under colonial period, fluent in English and have knowledge on political well. He also gave speech on June 1946 that his goal to “Established Government and Absorb the North” which make him became first completed liberation founded. On this action led him the original of division and his revolution perspective later in year 1999 recall as wise decision.  

South Korea has defending themself from North Korea and right-wing go along with the committee independence. The Korea Peninsula had separate state in term of DPK vs ROK with obvious pro left-wing vs pro-right-wing. From what Syngman Rhee’s wild decision is become the DNA of liberalism even though many has assumed that eventually South Korea will accept the Putin’s power.  

Syngman Rhee is founder of Liberal Democracy and vision country on Market Economy, even though Jeju rebellion doesn’t corporate on March 18, 1948. Jeju people want to have their own regime, so their people got killed by police on April 3, 1948, after the guerrilla war and have uprising. The beginning of South Korea democratic is filled with violence by right-wing. Yeosu suppress the Jeju, violence rebellion and 40,000 people was killed. Syngman Rhee think this imperfection can iron out by using National Security Law [NSC] in 1948 follow the U.S. advise and equipment. This is the dilemma when right-wing leader claim the democracy constitute for human right and liberty but in practical when they accused differential with communist and wiped them out and this cause high tension from the start. DNA of Syngman Rhee has designed or 무시하다  mostly ignored the people who struggled from democracy all that effort. The real democracy in South Korea start in 1979.  

The gray spot between Democratic vs Authorize regime was on and that’s when Political came in.  The economic under Syngman Rhee has growth from 1960 – 1968 for 50 times. Well known as miracle of the economic and he also lay the seed of the prosperity both Syngman Rhee and Park Chuang Hee. Syngman Rhee’s vision on faith and mentality on market economy that will lead to success of prosperity. In contract of The Joseon Dynasty failure between 1392 – 1910, why the whole peninsula was colonized by Japan, why Monarchy failed to modernization in 1910 – 1950. If we look at the geography map of the gangnido map, we will see the outstanding of Sino-centrism when China believe that they are the middle kingdom or the central of the world land and also the 

Confucianism that be the part of Chinese civilization. Yangban or scholar can again prestige and be an elite class if they have more knowledge and change their society class follow the China social system, while Japan will only secure class prestige in their own kind only, example Samurai class.  When the whole world is under the pro-realism during to 19^th century all over Africa and Asia region which motto of beginning the modernization. The opium war in 1839 or the century of humiliation between Britain and China that accused for abused free trade and use gun ship diplomacy at that time in Hong Kong, during 1856 – 1860, China must be defeated by Western Barbarian from try to overturning the western power. In 1852 – between U.S. and Japan that force to open country by The Black Ships. In 1866 – between French and Korea using the gunboat, accused that Korea has killed missionary, even though the confront Korea has won over the French marine and that’s the proof of successful of Joseon dynasty for over 500 years. In 1868 – Meiji restoration has used the economy cabinet to lead the country. In 1876, Japan open Korea. In 1884 “The Gapsin coup” was failures and young Korean radicals learn from Japan and want to be like western which to follow Japan. Syngman Rhee was born in 1875 while in 1894 Donghak peasant uprising cause dissatisfaction and poorly lead the country to first Sino-Japanese War. Japanese excuse to help Korea Royalty but aim to fight with China in Korea. In 1904, between Russo Japanese with claimed the purpose also only to help the royalty. In 1910 Japan has successful colonial Korea annexation has actively use, this say that Korea is the country that in the power game from World leader such: China, Russia, Japan and U.S. This shown that Korea Elite failure continuously from 1870 – 1910, Lew Young Hok quoted “We failed to properly prepare for a changing world.” The key important under the mentioned circumstance is “Not to Challenge The Power, but how to adaption?” And that’s make Syngman Rhee the elite worthy in 1948. If we look at his former education, in 1875 – he graduated from Munmyeong Gaehwa which boost study on civilization and enlightenment movement. As well as Paichai Academy by U.S. missionary and he also join the Independence club whereas Seo Jongpil or Philip Jason as his mentor. In the same timeline of world leader such Fukuzawa Yukimi from Japan and Liang Qi Chao from China.  Syngman Rhee has live his life in-style of the west to modernization and most importantly is he’s  christian. He also graduated bachelor’s degree at Harvard university in 1908 and master’s degree at Princeton university in 1910 where he met his good friend “Woodrow Wilson” the U.S. President.  Syngman Rhee is Christian and knows the value of market economy, his mentality is aligning with U.S. mentality. Syngman Rhee has reform of Education in 1949 that introduce mentality to people. Later on in 1960, people have enough education or has been resolver and got the competitive advantage. In 1950, reformed the land policy which is the biggest problems in Korea because of the monopoly system of land. The land’s owner are ally to Syngman Rhee because in 1948 Japanese used to owned land, the ownership was back to Korea just after the Korea War only. Syngman Rhee has land’s owner as main rival in 1950 to undermined base of power. Meanwhile during to war North Korea has put South Korea to Busan and try to extend land reform demanded. In 1953, Syngman Rhee policy on import at least as possible and protected economic from global meanwhile grow everything the people need and then after strong enough can compete with the world. Syngman Rhee recognition on successful of alignment with U.S. back in 1953 – when Republic of Korea (ROK) ally with U.S. and has mutual security treaty which the started point of the relation. Look at the example video on anniversary K-Mi (Korea & U.S.) relation in 2023 saying kitehara 70 nyeon,  that shows the relationship about supported of military, technology, history and tourism with the same chemistry.  

UNITED STATE ROLE IN EAST ASIA  

In 1823 Monroe Doctrine or Isolationism which mean originally, U.S. only focus inward and just look after themself as the myth because they don’t want to involve with European politics as Patric. Except when they want to support the Latin-American or Pacific region. In 1854 – U.S.  open Japan under treaty meanwhile Britain open China-Hong Kong. In 1866 – SS general Sherman French lose to North Korea known as victory of the repel ship. In 1882 – U.S. form varies treaty base on peace, amity, commerce and navigation with volunteering to participate. In 2023 President 

Yoon gave speech and U.S. congress about 140 years of solidate Korean constitution western. U.S.  overthrow Hawaiian Monarchy and ignored bias in 1893.  

• 1898 – Philippines Annexation  

• 1904 – Panama Canal over Pacific Ocean  

• 1905 – Japan & Russia Treaty Portsmouth [Taft – Katsura Memorandum] • 1913 – Wilsonian Internationalism [Post Erotism / Imperialism World] • 1944 – Bretton Woods, U.N., NATO, CIA. Massive increase of military budget as well as military-industrial complex.  

• 1945 – Thread of Empire. Britain loses the colonial country as same as Japan and Deutsch.  U.S. came in between to supported for region and try to rule international system.  

The reverse curse in Japan and U.S. [1946 – 1947] Trade & general strike bring back the elite class to regime the country. Like Kishi Nobusuke, Abe Shinzo, The LDP father, top level officer in old empire of Manchuria and North China even he was label as war criminal, but he becomes the first Prime Minister, and his grandson is the longest prime minster until Now.  

Taiwan – U.S. by President Truman lead by Chian Kao Shel that have the aircraft in country from U.S. and got intervene later by Mao Zhe Tong. Meanwhile North Korea got soviet aggression.  Vietnam support finance to France. Between 1945 – 1954 U.S. look after South Korea while left wing in 1882 aim to unify the peninsula, U.S. became the hub and speaker between all parties.  Using NATO for European as multilateral. And manage with bilateralism which partner with U.S.  Basically, almost like THREADS OF U.S. EMPIRE? Taboo shows top 4 countries are 1. Japan 2. Germany 3. South Korea 4. Guam. Compare before and after 1945.  

Controversial Syngman Rhee in 1948, he has started the liberation period, saved ROK from communist system and seeds DNA of ROK success to present. Concrete policy such as capitalism, mentality of civilization and has victory during cold war period. Learn from U.S. and become it.  Align with U.S. History of commemoration, the way things are equal the way it should be. CSS vs CIA. From Rival pro-U.S. And pro-soviet meanwhile developing country that want to stay neutral in between.  

What U.S. will get from Korea. On debate:  

1. No interest by George Kennan from 1946 – 1947  

2. Five industry strategy toward Soviet union [U.S. West EU, Japan, Soviet, …]  3. Major advantage, far superior, nuclear weapon, protect, aim to be control center.  Cold war time in 1940s between Greece and Turkey. Chinese revolution in 1949, discord who lost China, Joseph McCarthy. McCarthyism the 2^nd RED SCARE. U.S. has name list of who are communist that’s why they have to intervene South Korea democratic to balance the pandemic of security posture and use the soviet aggression. Same like in Austria and Poland. For the event of  Fall 1950 the start of Korea War, when it start in Incheon, U.S. has push North to North most  aggressive rollback and containment. U.S. ironically consider the Korea War as the was that must  be won for the signal of The Free World. In conclusion, U.S. does not have material interest but the truth behind of its reason still on debate until now

Reference to Dr. Keiran August 16, 2025 Chula KSIM: SNU GSIS